Radio Navigation Systems

Radio Navigation Systems
The ability of the aircraft to navigate the air space expeditiously and safely by conforming to flight rules; and without fear of getting lost or endangering lives and property of those on board and on the ground is largely dependent on radio navigation systems (Navaids).
 Some radio navigation systems are airborne-based relying on the reception of signals from one or more beacons on the ground. Others may be ground-based systems which require transmissions from an aircraft. A third type of Navaids is based on signals received from three or more satellites. 
This research considered ground based navaids whose signals are likely to interact with obstacles such as roofing materials on structures around aerodromes. To illustrate the effects of this interaction, the study chose to investigate operations of three main navaids namely; Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Very High Frequency Omni-directional Range (VOR) equipment.